• 不定詞的用法
  • 關係代名詞的用法
  • 分詞構句
  • 假設語氣

 


一分鐘準備段考

  • 利用字卡、書寫、發音等方式幫助單字記憶
  • 多讀幾遍課文,讓句型與用語在腦海留下深刻印象
  • 忌諱一知半解,要將錯過的題目搞懂
  • 利用名師學院系列產品,反覆觀看、補強弱點

不定詞的用法

To + V, S + V
to + Vr 或 Ving 都可以當主詞,但表示「目標,計畫,未發生的事」用to + Vr,表示過去經驗時用Ving。
例句 To attend NTU is most high school students’ goal.
(上臺大是大部分高中生的目標。)
例句 Studying abroad is a wonderful experience to me.
(出國留學對我而言是個美好的經驗。)

It + is/was + adj. + (not) to V
例句 It is useless to cry over spilt milk. (覆水難收。)
例句 It’s impossible to live in LA without a car. (住在洛杉磯不能沒有車。)

關係代名詞的用法

關係代名詞當主格,須與先行詞(為名詞)一致,且關係代名詞之前,一定會有先行詞。

先行詞 主格
who
動物、事物 which
人、動物、事物 that

S + V + N + that/who/which + V
例句 I’m looking for a boy who wears a hat.
(我在找一個戴帽子的男孩。)

S + that/who/which + V ~+V ~
例句 The house which is located there is mine.
(座落在那的房子是我的。)

S + V + that-clause
that 當關代時的一般用法:可代替人、動物、事物,當主格、受格,當直接受格時可省略。
例句 There was a car accident that caused a traffic jam yesterday.
(昨天有個車禍造成堵車。)

S + V ~ who/which/that + V + ~
例句 That is the teacher that taught me English.(那位就是教我英文的老師。)

S + V ~, who/which + V + ~
當關係代名詞who/which 沒有緊鄰其所代表的先行詞時,關係代名詞前需要逗號,且不可用that 代替。
例句 There is a man in that room, who can help you.
(那個房間裡有個人可以幫你。)
例句 I like the MRT in Taipei, which is so convenient.
(我喜歡臺北的捷運,它是如此便利。)
→ 此句中的which 指的是MRT,不是Taipei。

關係代名詞which 可用來代表前面整句話或整件事情,此時which 前需要逗號,which 不可用that 代替。
例句 She lied to me, which hurt me.(她對我說謊,這事傷害了我。)
= She lied to me, and that hurt me.

分詞構句

Adv. clause, S + V
1.副詞子句的主詞和主要子句的主詞相同
conj. + S1 + V, S1 + V = (conj.) + Ving/p.p., S1 + V
例句 When he drove home, he saw a frightening accident.
= When driving home, he saw a frightening accident.
(當他開車回家時,他看到一起可怕的意外。)
例句 As he didn’t know what to do, the boy burst out crying.
= Not knowing what to do, the boy burst out crying.
(因為不知道該怎麼辦,於是那個男孩放聲大哭。)

2.副詞子句的主詞和主要子句的主詞不同
conj. + S1 + V1, S2 + V2
→ (conj.) + S1 + (not) + Ving/p.p., S2 + V2 → 兩邊的子句都要保留主詞
例句 If the weather permits, we’ll go picnicking.
= The weather permitting, we’ll go picnicking.
(如果天氣允許,我們將去野餐。)
例句 The room cleaned by us, Mom was very pleased with it.
(房間被我們打掃乾淨了,所以媽媽感到很高興。)

S + V1 ~, V2-ing ~
平行動作轉分詞構句
1.兩個動作先後做或同時做
S + V1, and V2 = S + V1, Ving/p.p.
例句 She sat there, not saying anything.
(她坐在那裡,不說一句話。)
例句 I lay on my bed, reading a novel.
(我躺在我的床上看小說。)
2.前後句子的主詞不同
S1 + V1 and S2 + V2 = S1 + V1, S2 + (not) + Ving/p.p.
例句 The old man sat there , his eyes closed.
(那個老人坐在那裡,眼睛閉著。)
例句 Tina rode a bike happily, her hair blowing in the air.
(蒂娜快樂地騎著腳踏車,她的頭髮在空中飛揚。)

假設語氣

as if 的重要用法
S1 + V + as if + S2 + Ved/were → 與現在事實相反
例句 The boy talks as if he were an adult.
(這個男孩講話像個大人似的。)

S1 + Ved + as if + S2 + had + p.p. → 與過去事實相反
例句 She looked at me as if she had seen a ghost.
(她看著我像看到鬼似的。)
例句 He looked as if he hadn’t slept at all.
(他看起來好像完全沒睡一樣。)